Environmentally Friendly Water-Based Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Future Prospective and Outlook

The use of traditional Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is limited due to the toxic and non-environmentally safe solvents. In this review, water proposed as a viable alternative developing green chemistry sustainable materials for DSSCs. However, water-based DSSCs (WBDSSCs) require improvement in their photovoltaic parameters. detachment dye molecules from semiconductor poor solubility iodine are primary reasons low efficiency. This review analyzes best results achieved by 100% aqueous electrolytes containing synthetic, organic, natural dyes identify conditions overcome these limitations. Developing suitable photoanode/electrolyte interface finding compromise choice main research goals coming years. WBDSSCs can contribute significantly producing clean energy using environmentally friendly materials. Furthermore, here we report state art emerging technology underwater dye-sensitized cells, which promising generating renewable aquatic environments. Recent advancements material science device engineering have shown enhancing efficiency durability. Further development make devices generation wide range applications.